Name: ………………………………. REVISION
1. Simple present: Hiện tượng thiên nhiên, sự thật hiển nhiên, thói quen, lịch trình.
Signals: always: luôn luôn, usually: luôn, often: thường, sometimes: thỉnh thoảng, every: mỗi (every day), seldom = hardly = rarely: hiếm khi.
Form:
To be (thì, là, ở)
(+) S + am/is/are + Noun/adjective/prepostion. She is a teacher.
(-) S + am/is/are not + Noun/adjective/prepostion. She is not beautiful.
(?) Am/is/are + S + Noun/adjective/prepostion? Is she in HCM city?
V(thường)
(+) S +V(Vs) (Khi Subject là ngôi thứ 3 số ít thì thêm s)
(-) S + don’t/doesn’t + V
(?) Do/does + S + V?
Passive voice: S + am/is/are + V3/ed
My father makes some cakes for us in the kitchen every day.
-> Some cakes are made for us in the kitchen by my father every day.
2. Simple past: Xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt.
Signals: always: luôn luôn, usually: luôn, often: thường, sometimes: thỉnh thoảng, every: mỗi (every day), seldom = hardly = rarely: hiếm khi, last: đã qua, ago: cách đây, yesterday: hôm qua.
Form: To be.
(+) S + was/were + Noun/adjective/prepostion : He was a soldier in 1990.
(-) S + was/were not + Noun/adjective/prepostion : He was not fine yesterday.
(?) Was/were + S + Noun/adjective/prepostion? : Were you in HCM city last week?
Note: Was dùng cho ngôi thứ 3 số ít và ngôi I
V(thường)
(+) S + V2/ed
(-) S + didn’t + V
(?) Did + S + V?
Passive voice: S + was/were + V3/ed
The man sent the letters to Tom yesterday.
The letters were sent to Tom by the man yesterday.
3. Present continous: Đang xảy ra ở hiện tại, hành động tạm thời, trái thói quen.
Signals: Now = at present = at the moment: bây giờ, today: hôm nay, this week: Tuần này, this month: tháng này, this year: năm này…. Look! Listen!....
Form: S + am/is/are + V_ing
Passive: S + am/is/are being + V3/ed
Mary is cleaning the car in the garage now.
-> The car is being cleaned in the garage by Mary now.
4. Past continuous: Đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ. Đang diễn ra thì simple past xen vào.
Signals: at this time yesterday: Vào thời điểm này hôm qua, when = as: khi, while: trong khi.
Form: S + was/were + V_ing Mary was making some cakes in the kitchen now
Passive voice: S + was/were + being + V3/ed Some cakes were being made in the kitchen by Mary now
5. Present perfect: Xảy ra trong quá khứ còn kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc sang tương lai. Xảy ra trong quá khứ không rõ thời gian.
Signals: since: từ, for: được, already: đã, so far = up to now: Cho đến bây giờ, not …yet: Chưa, just: vừa mới, recently: Gần đây, lately: mới đây, never: Chưa bao giờ, ever: Đã từng.
Form: S + have/has + V3/ed They have already bought some food for the party.
Passive: S + have/has been + V3/ed Some food has already been bought for the party.
6. Simple fure: Xảy ra trong tương lai.
Signals: next: kế tiếp, tomorrow: ngày mai.
Form: S + will/shall + V She will send the letter to him tomorrow.
Passive: S + will/shall be + V3/ed The letter will be sent to him tomorrow.
Note: Simple future không liền sau trạng từ chỉ thời gian, hạ xuống simple present.
Incorrect: I will give him the book when I will meet him tomorrow.
Correct: I will give him the book when I meet him tomorrow.
7. Past perfect: Trước một hành động hoặc mốc thời gian trong quá khứ. (Hành động xảy ra sau là thì simple past)
Signals: when, already, before = by the time: trước khi, after: Sau khi.
Form: S + had + V3/ed His mother had prepare dinner for him before he got up.
Passvice: S + had been + V3/ed Dinner had been prepared form him before he got up.
8. Future Perfect: Trước một hành động hoặc mốc thời gian trong tương lai. (Hành động xảy ra sau là thì simple present)
Signals: before = by the time
Form: S + will/shall have + V3/ed She will have finished her work before you come tomorrow.
Passive: S + will/shall have been + V3/ed. Her work will have been finished before you come tomorrow.
9. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian: when = as: khi, while: trong khi, till = until: cho đến khi, before = by the time: trước khi, after: sau khi.
10. Liên kết các thì:
10a. Simple present vs simple future:
She will give you the book when she meets you tomorrow.
10b. Simple past vs past continuous:
She was reading a book when I came yesterday.
10c. Simple past vs Past perfect:
She had closed all the doors before she went home.
10d. Simple past vs Present perfect:
He has lived in this city since he was ten.
11. Không dùng by + O trong câu passive: Khi subject của câu active là những từ sau ta không dùng by + O:
I, we, you, they, she, he, it, people, some/any/every/no + body/one/thing.
By + O đặt trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian, sau nơi chốn.
Mary is cooking some cakes in the kitchen at the moment.
-> Some cakes are being cooked in the kitchen by Mary at the moment.